4/30/2023 0 Comments File sync for mac freeWindows Live Mesh (discontinued 13 February 2013) Microsoft SyncToy (discontinued January 2021) Syncs files, data, services a framework, not a tool Syncs mobile devices successor to Microsoft ActiveSync Yes (previous versions moved to archive folder)ĭistributed peer-to-peer sync, working also offline in a LANīriefcase (part of Windows) (removed in Windows 10 build 14942 )īackup software with folder synchronization feature remote management Shadow Copy Windows, OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, Android, iOS This is a comparison of the freeware ( proprietary software release free of charge) file synchronization software. Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, BSD, Solarisĭistributed peer-to-peer sync with automatic NAT traversal. ĪGPLv3 (Server) + Apache License 2.0 (Client) Multiple comparison criteria (date, check-sum).Ĭlients: Linux, macOS, Windows, Android, iOS. Yes using-backup and a time-stamped-suffixĬlient & server operation. Capabilities include sync, cache, encrypt, compress and mount. Supports over 50 cloud, protocol and virtual backends including S3 buckets, Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, and other high latency file storage. Linux, Windows, macOS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, Plan9, Solaris - Intel/AMD-64, Intel/AMD-32, ARM-32, ARM-64, MIPS-Big-Endian, MIPS-Little-Endian Ĭlients: Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, Android, iOS, Windows PhoneĬlients: Windows, macOS, Linux, FreeBSD, Android, iOS, BlackberryĪGPLv3 (Server Edition) / proprietary (Enterprise Edition) Older version had OpenCandy Adware/malware, but now funded by donations. Sym-links, filter, metadata, contents, auto-sync Synchronizes files, website, network apps This is generally good, because cheap cloud storage usually does not allow users to run custom software on storage server, they only provide access to storage. All synchronization logic is handled by client. Server is only running arbitrary storage protocol like SFTP, SMB, NFS, etc. Only client needed It is only needed to install synchronizing software on the client side. Online storage Online file storage option and type Network-attached storage Can sync. Scheduling or service Run automatically (via a scheduler or as a system service), or manually for each sync. Version control Can revert to a precedent version of a file/directory. Programs which do not support it, will behave as if the originally-named file/directory has been deleted and the newly named file/directory is new and transmit the "new" file again. Commonly done by calculating and storing hash function digests of files to detect if two files with different names, edit dates, etc., have identical contents. This saves bandwidth for remote systems but increases the analysis duration. See File Synchronization Renames/moves Propagate renaming/moving of a file/directory. Edit conflict detection Detect if an operation may result in data loss. Glossary Platform Operating system & / or software platform like Java SE or.
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But there it was, went to Local the Google, deleted User Data and it works fine now. I found it very weird that I had to use this method to find it. To set the Chrome browser back to normal, use the File Explorer or Windows Explorer to. So then I did a Search on C drive for AppData and waited for all the results which there were a ton of and I scanned the Folder paths and there it was C:/Users/AppData. The Google Chrome browser seems to be open twice on the taskbar. The trick is, which I had to figure out myself, is that in Windows 10, the Appdata folder is Hidden, so first I temporarily set Show Hidden Items and the AppData folder was still hidden. It is a Chrome issue and what I had to do was go to Users/(my username)/Appdata/Local/Google/Chrome and delete the "User Data" folder. After I made this post, for the heck of it I copy and pasted my topic title in google and found a bunch of relevant results. It wasn't a taskbar issue, it was a Google chrome issue. Right click in a clear area of the task bar, then click on "taskbar settings", scroll down on right hand side, there is a section "Combine Taskbar buttons. So I had to get all my content back on there it would be a huge pain uninstalling and losing all that info. Finally, click on the Apply and Ok buttons to save the changes you just made. In my case, I’m assigning Shift + Alt + C. Next, press the keyboard shortcut you want to assign. In the shortcut tab, click on the Shortcut field. For some reason even tho it's "syncing" to my Chrome account none of the information was there such as autofill and passwords. This is where you can assign a keyboard shortcut to open Chrome. I don't want to Uninstall chrome because I just setup this computer and it was a pain in the neck getting all my content onto chrome. This happened several times until I realized why it was happening. The problem is if I'm not careful I'll click the wrong one and I'll have 2 instances of chrome open. The other one however, remains static so when I click the Chrome icon.a new instance will open to the right where there were there are no icons, and the Chrome icon will remain in it's spot on the left. That one seems to be working normally as that's how it always works for me on windows 10 pro on my various computers. On one of them, when you click a the Google Chrome taskbar button.the button disappears and becomes a Chrome program instance which you can raise and lower. Note: In case this method doesn’t work (you can’t see any folders in that location), please follow the next methods.I don't even know how to succinctly summarize this problem so I couldn't even google search it.īoth my PCs run Windows 10 Pro.
4/30/2023 0 Comments White arch support sandalsAll sandals from WODEN are designed with arch support in soft and shock-absorbing materials, which ensure that your foot gets the right foot position. A sandal with arch support helps to support as well as relieve the arch, so you avoid injuries to your feet and arch. It also helps you prevent and reduce soreness, tiredness and pain in your feet by wearing sandals with the right support. The advantage of buying a sandal with arch support is that you reduce shocks when standing, walking or running. That's why we've ensured a careful selection of sandals for your exact needs. We know that a good sandal with support is important, especially if you have long days or stationary work. Why you should choose sandals with arch support Stylish, podiatrist-recommended sandals with arch support Best platform: Vionic Brielle Flatform Sandal 120.00 Biomechanically designed to hug your arches, these sandals are crafted to help. We have gathered all our sandals with arch support in one category, so you can easily get an overview of which sandal to choose right here. Here you will find both our classic Line sandal to suit any occasion or outfit, or our trendy Line Cross sandal with extra details and features. Our sandals are perfect for your entire summer and spring wardrobe, with both adjustable straps and a soft insole in a variety of colour combinations to suit your needs. At WODEN, you'll find a modern selection of comfortable sandals with iconic fish skin details in a carefully selected range of colours and qualities. A sandal with arch support allows the sandal to lift your foot into the right position and relieve your arch with the right support, without compromising on the right fit and comfort. When you're looking for new sandals, make sure they have the right fit. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Djay pro pcDjay Pro Spotify - How to Use Spotify with djay Pro - AudFree.djay - DJ App amp AI Mixer on the App Store.Djay Pro free version download for Mac OS X. How to Use Spotify with djay Pro for Mixing - Tunelf.Djay FREE - DJ Mix Remix Music for PC - How to Install on.Djay pro free download windows - clearstashok.Djay Pro for Android - APK Download - APKP.Djay FREE for Android - Download the APK from Uptodown.Djay Pro Windows 10 Full Crack - getyourpowerful.Djay Pro for Windows Download a free 15-day trial of djay Pro.Djay Pro 2 free version download for Mac OS X.If are planning to go with Andy for PC to free install Djay for Mac, you can still continue with the same method at all times. Virtual Dj Pro 8 Windows 7Īs you installed the Android emulator, you could also utilise the APK file if you want to install Djay for PC either by clicking on apk or by opening it via BlueStacks app considering that a number of your selected Android games or apps probably aren’t found in google playstore because they don’t comply with Program Policies. Congrats! You may now install Djay for PC by using BlueStacks App Player either by finding Djay app in playstore page or by downloading apk file.You should install Djay for PC by visiting the google playstore page once you have successfully installed BlueStacks Android emulator on your computer. Before you start to install Djay for pc, you should give BlueStacks App Player with Google account.ħ. So now, either from your windows start menu or alternatively desktop shortcut start BlueStacks app.Ħ. In the very last step choose the 'Install' choice to begin the install process and then click 'Finish' as soon as it is done.In the last and final step click on 'Install' to begin the final installation process and you can then click 'Finish' to finish the installation.ĥ. Through the installation process mouse click on 'Next' for the 1st two steps when you see the options on the monitor.Ĥ. Right after the installer completely finish downloading, double-click it to begin the set up process.ģ. Download BlueStacks for PC making use of the download button displayed in this particular web page.Ģ. Simply click 'Download Djay APK' icon to get started downloading the apk file for your PC. It is relatively effortless to download and install the emulator if you are ready and barely consumes couple of minutes or so. Free download any of the emulators, in case your Computer fulfills the suggested OS requirements. Next, check out the recommended Operating system requirements to install Andy or BlueStacks on PC just before installing them. To guide you we are going to suggest either Bluestacks or Andy, both of them are often compatible with windows and MAC OS. Out of many free and paid Android emulators designed for PC, it’s not at all a quick job like you think to choose the highest quality Android emulator which operates well with your PC. At the heart djay Pro is an innovative DJ Software with a modern user interface that provides flexible layers of functionality alongside a powerful music library into a single window interface. Ever thought about the best ways to download Djay PC? Don’t worry, we’ll break it down on your behalf into very easy steps. Find out how to download and also Install Djay on PC (Windows) which is developed and designed by Algoriddim. DJay Pro 2 Tutorial: How to Configure a DJ Controller – TimmyG - Duration: 5:37. How To DJ With Spotify (Djay 2 / Pro, iOS, Windows, Mac.) - Duration: 11:47. Introducing djay Pro - Algoriddim’s award-winning DJ application with over 30 million downloads is now on Windows - seamlessly integrated with Spotify! Djay Pro provides a complete toolkit for DJs of all skill levels. DJ Gear DJ Controllers DJ School DJ Tutorials. DJ Apps djay Pro for Mac djay Pro for Windows djay for iOS djay 2 for Android. Follow the instructions to install the app. You’ll find few vital steps listed below that you will need to carry out before you start to download Djay PC.Īfter your download has finished, simply install djay Pro like this: Double-click the file. it’s possible to install Djay on PC for MAC computer. Though Djay app is introduced for the Android together with iOS by Algoriddim. Download Free Djay for PC using this tutorial at BrowserCam. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Planescape torment gamefaqsThe Elder Scrolls IV: Shivering Isles 4.22 2.99 Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic 4.37 3.02 Neverwinter Nights: Shadows of Undrentide 3.84 3.02 Neverwinter Nights 2: Mysteries of Westgate 3.61 3.06ĭragon Age: Origins - Awakening 3.94 3.05įallout: New Vegas - Ultimate Edition 4.38 3.03 Vampire: The Masquerade - Bloodlines 4.24 3.09 Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth Of Worlds 4.25 3.10 Neverwinter Nights 2: Storm of Zehir 3.58 3.10 Neverwinter Nights: Hordes of the Underdark 4.13 3.10 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - Blood and Wine 4.41 3.12įallout: New Vegas - Old World Blues 4.07 3.12 The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - Hearts of Stone 4.38 3.13 Shadowrun: Dragonfall - Director's Cut 4.13 3.14 Might and Magic VII: For Blood and Honor 4.31 3.15 Treasures of the Savage Frontier 3.73 3.17 Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss 4.08 3.20įallout: New Vegas - Lonesome Road 3.89 3.17 The Elder Scrolls III: Tribunal 4.01 3.24Īrcanum: Of Steamworks and Magick Obscura 4.23 3.21 The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind 4.29 3.25 Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle 4.30 3.26 Might and Magic VI: The Mandate of Heaven 4.25 3.28 Neverwinter Nights 2: Mask of The Betrayer 4.14 3.29 Ultima VII Part Two: Serpent Isle - The Silver Seed 4.12 3.29 The Elder Scrolls III: Bloodmoon 4.08 3.31 The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind - Game of the Year Edition 4.34 3.31 Pillars of Eternity: The White March - Part 2 3.62 3.33 Might and Magic V: Darkside of Xeen 4.16 3.34 Pillars of Eternity: The White March - Part 1 3.83 3.43īaldur's Gate: Tales of the Sword Coast 4.11 3.41īaldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn 4.46 3.40ĭivinity: Original Sin II - Definitive Edition 4.00 3.40 Might and Magic III: Isles of Terra 4.09 3.44įallout: New Vegas - Dead Money 3.59 3.44 The Bard's Tale 3: The Thief of Fate 3.42 3.50 The Witcher 2: Assassins of Kings 4.12 3.52īaldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal 4.38 3.51 Realms of Arkania III: Shadows Over Riva 3.98 3.67Įye of the Beholder II: The Legend of Darkmoon 3.85 3.63Įye of the Beholder III: Assault on Myth Drannor 3.19 3.56 Ultima II: The Revenge of the Enchantress 2.68 3.68 Realms of Arkania: Blade of Destiny 3.60 3.69 The Bard's Tale II: The Destiny Knight 3.80 3.73ĭivinity: Original Sin Enhanced Edition 4.23 3.69 The Bard's Tale: Tales of the Unknown, Volume I 4.09 3.86ĭungeon Master II: The Legend of Skullkeep 3.74 3.75 Wizardry VII: Crusaders of the Dark Savant 3.95 4.10Īn Elder Scrolls Legend: Battlespire 3.04 4.06 Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord 4.13 4.13 Wizardry VI: Bane of the Cosmic Forge 4.10 4.13 Wizardry V: Heart of the Maelstrom 4.00 4.17 Wizardry: The Return of Werdna - The Fourth Scenario 3.64 4.55īuck Rogers: Countdown to Doomsday 3.97 4.33 The first number is the quality ranking (out of 5), the second is the difficulty score, 5 being the highest quality/difficulty. I've cherry picked a bunch of notable titles so youse don't have to sift through all the shovelware. Over at gamefaqs, users can rank a game's difficulty with a 1-5 scale and they've also set it up that you can list 'em by rank as so. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Exercises for weight loss at homeWhether your goal is to lose fat or gain muscle, or both, we are going to teach you everything you need to know about working out at home so you can achieve that. So, be sure to follow and read this guide carefully. As with any big project, a plan has to be in place first, but it doesn't have to be complicated to be effective and it can be done at home. A big part of the project that is your body is working out and dieting. You need to care for it, improve it, fix it, love it. Now, before we start, we just want to say… Note: We also provide HIIT workouts and methods for progressive overload at home, with or without training tools. The exercises we chose for the workout plans are specific to the goal of either losing fat or gaining muscle and strength.Īt the end of this at-home workout guide, we provide more workout resources, videos, and exercises so you can keep your workouts fresh and exciting. Our home workout plans are based on two simple goals, fat loss or building muscle, with both bodyweight-only plans and plans that incorporate functional training tools like kettlebells, steel maces, and resistance bands (typical home gym equipment). In this at-home workout guide, we go over the benefits of working out at home, how to workout at home, what every home workout plan should include, crucial tips to making sure your workouts are effective, best fitness equipment to have at home, and then, we provide you with several workout plans to choose from. What you are going to learn and get with this at-home workout guide: Remember exercise plays a big part in weight loss and maintaining a good weight but only when combined with a healthy diet.So you are unable to go to the gym or you simply prefer working out at home but you aren’t sure what is the most effective way to exercise at home? No worries! This guide has everything you need to create the best at home workout plan, which includes options for both building muscle and weight loss, and both with and without equipment. The instructors are there to guide and advise you on techniques, suitable weights and exercise order for safe and effect results. If you’re not confident using weights in the gym why not consider classes such as Bodypump, circuits and conditioning classes. Try to include some weights as part of your gym session or try some body weight exercises such as press ups, crunches and lunges. This doesn’t mean you have to hit the weights everyday to look like Arnie in order to get your results! The quicker and more efficiently your body can do this the more calories your body burns at rest and during exercise. Your metabolism is the way your body processes what you consume to create fuel for the body to function. The more muscle you have the higher your metabolism becomes. Put simply to maximise calorie burn (burn fat) you need muscle. From fitness and.ĭiscover our £9.99 Online membership Offer here Check out our Home Workouts That's why we've put together an ever-e.Įveryone On Demand gives you access to the widest range of fitness and wellness partners on the market. We’ve teamed up with some of the country’s favourite brands to provide Everyone Active customers with a wide range o.įeedback on your stroke technique every time you swim! MembershipsĮating and drinking the right things is a vital part of staying fit and healthy. From what's available and how the.Įveryone active's Sporting Champions scheme helps promising young athletes fulfil their full potential, by giving them a. Here you'll find everything there is to know about our award-winning swimming lessons. We are as passionate about our people as we are about encouraging everyone to take part in activity. Here, you can find out more about the fitness products we offer, including the likes of our group fitness classes.You'll.įind out everything there is to know about the fantastic range of parties we offer. Here you'll find information about the services we provide that can help support you through your fitness and health jou. This is where you'll find everything you need to know about our aquatic services. It's our mission to get everyone active for at least 30 minutes five times a week and that mission extends beyond the bo. Here you'll find content that gives you hints and tips on how stay fit and healthy at home. Whether you want to know how to use different piece. Whatever you need to know about our gym services, you can find here. If you want to find out more about the activities you can enjoy at our centres, then this is the place to be. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Selective tool viveza photoshopYou can adjust the Edge Detection settings from the menu to reduce the amount of sharpness and make your selection look much smoother. Simply drag along the insides of your selection to continue smoothing it. You can use a thin brush to paint inside the part of your selection. If you are not satisfied with Photoshop’s automated results, you should use the Refined Edge option to manually change the contrast and radius options to make your selections look immaculate. The editing is fully software-based, and there are no customization options available. If you are not using a stylus for all your selections, you can use the tool. The tool automatically enhances the roughness and blockiness of your selection boundaries. It is the perfect solution to jagged edges that are created when using Photoshop for selecting objects. If you make selections from multiple layers of an image, you can use the Sample All Layers option to merge them into a single selection for editing purposes. The tool is designed to create a custom selection from all layers instead of just the currently selected layers. The first option you will see beside the Add and Subtract from Selection options is “Sample All Layers”. There are additional Quick Selection Options that let you adjust the currently selected layer. On Mac devices, you can hold the Option and Shift keys to achieve the same. To create intersecting selections, you need to hold the Alt and Shift keys while you select an intersecting area to make an intersection. On Mac devices, you can achieve the same by using the Options key. You can also press the Alt key on an existing selection to remove elements from it. To Subtract from your existing selection, you can choose the Subtract from Selection option from the toolbar. You can also hold down the Shift key on your keyboard to achieve the same. Once it is activated, you can select more sections of your subject. Simply choose the Quick Selection tool and choose the Add to Selection option. Adding and Subtracting from SelectionsĪll selection tools in Photoshop can be modified to add or subtract selections from a selected image. You can edit the Size, Hardness, and Spacing to get the right tool size.ģ. You can fine-tune your brush size to work on the jagged edges or any extra bits that may have been selected when making your initial selection. Here is an example of a custom image background with the same subject. To create a new layer, press Ctrl + Shift + N and paste an image or fill the background like we did using the Paint Bucket Tool. We used the Paint Bucket Tool (G) to fill in a new color in the background on a fresh layer. Simply use the Quick Selection tool again and select the excess parts. In our case, a small portion of the background remains in the center of the image. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Sloth for saleThese Are Very Slow Moving And Docile Creatures By Nature. Out of Africa Wildlife Park.Ģ6 States to Adopt a Sloth in America. North Carolina This is another state where. While sloths can sometimes be seen in large macaw cages at some pet stores this is only temporary. Hoffman Sloth better known as the Two Toed Sloth Scientific Name. MidWest Critter Nation Deluxe Small Animal Cage - 230.Īs of 2022 it is legal to own a two-toed pet sloth in Alabama Florida with a permit Indiana Iowa Kansas Minnesota Michigan Mississippi. Slot Machine - 150 Kalamazoo Slot machine in good shape for sale. Keep an eye out for promotions and deals so you get a big saving of sloths for sale. To ward off stress-related health problems a. Includes cage accessories screwed in food dish and water bottle and is already assembled and ready to go. A true survivor after enduring a shock from power lines so strong that it would have killed most animals. A distinguishing characteristic of the sloth is their long claws that they use to cling to tree branches and to reach leaves. Adopt a Sloth in Alabama.įull Description Below Options. Choloepus didactylus General Information. Keeping a sloth as a pet or purchasing one for display or sale in Florida is governed by a few restrictions even though there is no formal list in the state that registers every species. Sale price 3914 3914 4605 original price 4605 15 off free shipping add to favorites baby sloth sloth plush toy poseable sloth toy poseable art doll fedorovacreatures 5 out of 5. Shop unique Sloths For Sale face masks designed and sold by independent artists. Sloth and Sloth sells t-shirts mugs and baby apparel featuring two-toed sloths and three toed sloths. Sloths are mammals that are native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. Can You Own a Sloth.ĭave Gingrich CC BY-SA 20 Via Flickr. Owning a sloth in Ohio should be no problem even though there is a ban on exotic pets due to an incident. Shop online for tees tops hoodies dresses hats leggings and more. Unique Sloths For Sale clothing by independent designers from around the world. Sloths originate from South America found in Venezuela the. Huge range of colors and sizes.Īn indestructible two-fingered sloth. To own a two-toed pet sloth in Alabama Florida with a permit Indiana Iowa Kansas Minnesota Michigan Mississippi Montana New York Nevada North Carolina Oregon. Likely but just to be safe visit NYgov for the latest laws rules and regulations. Check out this site to see sloths for sale. TF Publishing Sloths 2022 Wall Calendar w - 6308506410. We carry hoodies backpacks and many other unique items with unique designs to. Adopt Jack and learn all.Ĭapuchin Monkeys Available fixodi8629. These claws however are so long 3 or 4 inches in length that the sloths find it difficult to walk on the ground. Sloth Procrastinator Motivator T Shirt Etsy Mens Shirts Shirts T Shirt Capuchin Monkeys Available monkeys are been raised at my family home along with the kids. Check out our sloth for sale selection for the very best in unique or custom handmade pieces from our shops. The maned three-toed sloths feed on plant parts of selective forest trees like the Cecropia.The sloths for sale is new and comes with a small. The coat of these sloths is long and dark with mane-like fur around the head and neck. Their small tail remains hidden beneath the fur. These sloths have small heads, eyes, and ears. The maned three-toed sloth or the Bradypus torquatus is a type of sloth which attains a length of about 50 cm and weighs around 4.5 kg. The species live in altitude that ranges from the sea level to 3,900 feet although some reports suggest that these animals also live at higher altitudes. The brown-throated sloth inhabits a wide variety of habitats including dry and evergreen forests. The species ranges from Honduras in the north, through Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama in Central America, into Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador and eastern parts of Peru. The brown-throated sloth is the most common and widespread species among the four types of extant three-toed sloths. 4/30/2023 0 Comments Funny gag gifts for friendsHe's rich, he's sweet, and if he misbehaves then you can bite his head off!". I know, because I found it in my yard".Ī block of wood with instructions to (1) place on floor (2) walk around it twice and (3) check pulse, and take a break, you've done two laps around the block.Ī ribbon, a feather, and some loose straw in a bag.ĭo you know someone who's still looking for the perfect man? Wrap up aįor her with a little note saying "I've found you the perfect man. Wrap it, with a note "This is a yard stick. Put an acorn in a bag, with instructions to plant and cut down in 40 years or so and make some furniture.Ĭhoose a nice stick from your garden. One of the silliest homemade gag gifts I've found. Make sure you put a nice painting or photo on the front of the box, to get their hopes up. Wrap some batteries nicely, and include a little note saying "toy not included" -) See physician if symptoms persist!"Ī twist on all those times as a kid when you opened a new toy and then found you couldn't use it because it had "batteries not included". Wrap some beans (baked or dry) nicely, with instructions to (1) Eat Beans (2) Wait one hour and (3) Fill Bath and (4) Enjoy your natural bubble bath!īubble wrap. The ones below are the sort of "all rounder" gag gifts to make for any occasion that didn't fit into any single category. Homemade gag gifts page, where I've organised gag gifts into specific categories. So they're great as emergency gifts, and they're pretty much free to make.īy the way, if you're looking for gag gifts ideas for a specific occasion (Christmas, 50th birthday, retirement etc) then take a peek at my These gag gift crafts are really versatile, and most of them can be made with things you have lying around the house. Welcome to my page of gag gifts to make for any occasion! I hope you have a good chuckle from these ideas like I did when I collected them. 4/29/2023 0 Comments Thunder and lightningUnderstanding why lightning proceeds in steps isn’t going to help us make it less dangerous. His team is now working on building a computational model of lightning to test whether the process they expect can explain the stepping behaviour. He and his student Alejandro Malagón‐Romero set out this hypothesis in 2019. Dr Luque wants to find out if this is right through his eLightning project. In the context of lightning, at lower altitudes, there are more air molecules and the attachment of electrons to them could work itself out in a slightly different way to produce the stepping pattern. This explanation is uncontroversial, says Dr Luque, but what we don’t know is whether – as he suspects – an analogous process could explain why lightning itself proceeds in steps. ‘People used to think that thunderstorms were rare … That was because we couldn’t see them.’ Prof. In some areas of the streamer, electrons attach to air molecules and this increases the strength of the electric field, producing brighter light. In sprites, the bright glowing is thanks to the behaviour of electrons, says Dr Luque. And as the streamers propagate, some spots within them glow more brightly and persistently. The channels in sprites are made of many tiny filaments called streamers. But Dr Luque says sprite discharge channels are ‘pretty much the same temperature as the surrounding air’. Lightning creates temperatures hotter than the surface of the sun. Though they are less familiar than lightning, the physics of sprites is easier to study because, at such high altitude, there is little air and so electric discharges happen more slowly and at colder temperatures. Dr Luque studied them mainly by looking at pictures taken by research aeroplanes. Their existence was doubted for years as they are hard to see from the ground. Sprites are huge, coloured jets of light that occur between 50 and 90 kilometres above the ground, far higher than thunderstorms. He says there are a few papers on this but essentially no accepted theories.ĭr Luque reckons he might have some insights into the problem, however, through his work studying an even more incredible yet better understood electric phenomenon – sprites. It pauses for a while at intervals before moving on, says Dr Alejandro Luque at the Institute of Astrophysics of Andalucía in Granada, Spain. If, for example, you were to film a lightning strike and play it back in super slow motion, you’d notice that the strike proceeds in steps. Researchers in the Netherlands have looked at the numbers of fires started by lightning in the forests of Alaska and Canada and found these have risen by 2% to 4% a year for the past 40 years. There are some indications that this might be happening already. In 2014, Professor David Romps at the University of California, Berkeley, US, developed an atmospheric model that predicted lightning will increase by 12% for every degree Earth warms. Lightning and thunderstorms appear to be getting more common and there are suggestions that this will continue as a result of global warming. Lightning might seem fairly rare, but it has happened about 700 times – we get about 100 strikes per second – somewhere around the globe in the time it has taken you to read this sentence. There almost always follows precipitation and strong gusty winds. Thunderstorms happen when a cloud forming in this way quickly grows very large, sucking in more and more water vapour. Many clouds form when warm wet air rises to high altitudes where it gets colder and condenses into water droplets. |
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